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Dr, Deming's 14 Points:

  1. Create constancy of purpose to improve product, service, and people with the aim to become competitive, stay in business, and provide jobs.

  2. Adopt the new philosophy of continual improvement. We are in a new economic age. Western management must awaken to the challenge, must learn their responsibilities, and become leaders.

  3. Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality. Eliminate the need for massive inspection by building quality into the product in the first place.

  4. End the practice of awarding business on the basis of price tag. Move towards a single supplier for any one item, on a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust. Minimize total cost.

  5. Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service to improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly decrease costs.

  6. Institute training on the job

  7. Institute leadership (see Point 12 and Ch. 8 of "Out of the Crisis"). The aim of supervision should be to help people and machines and gadgets to do a better job. Training of management for leadership, in addition to supervision of production workers, is a paramount need.

  8. Drive out fear, so that everyone may work effectively...Fear paralyzes people and prevents improvement. (See Ch. 3 of "Out of the Crisis")

  9. Break down barriers between departments. People in research, design, sales, and production must work as a team, to foresee problems of production as well as consumer difficulties. People need to understand how departments interact and affect each other.

  10. 10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the work force asking for zero defects and new levels of productivity. Such exhortations only create adversarial relationships, as the bulk of the causes of low quality and low productivity belong to the system and thus lie beyond the power of the work force. Only management can improve the system.

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